Existence of Urban Toll Plazas

• Yes, some toll plazas are located within or near city limits.
  
• These usually apply to ring roads, bypasses, or elevated express corridors.
  
• Tolling in cities is often limited to access-controlled infrastructure.
  
• Urban tolls are typically set up to manage traffic and maintain city roads.
  
• These plazas are approved under specific urban development plans.
  

Types of Urban Toll Roads

• Flyovers, underpasses, and city bypass roads may have toll collection points.
  
• Elevated roads connecting industrial zones or ports may be tolled.
  
• Inner ring roads or radial highways sometimes include toll booths.
  
• Urban expressways built under PPP models often include toll plazas.
  
• Bridges and tunnels within city regions may also require toll payment.
  

Purpose of Tolling in Cities

• Urban tolls help in recovering construction and maintenance costs.
  
• They regulate traffic flow and reduce congestion in city centers.
  
• Tolls are used to fund high-cost city infrastructure without burdening public budgets.
  
• They encourage usage of alternate routes to decongest core areas.
  
• The model ensures sustainable funding for long-term urban infrastructure.
  

Regulation and Authorization

• City toll plazas are authorized by state governments or urban local bodies.
  
• Legal provisions under state infrastructure laws govern toll setup.
  
• Toll rates and exemptions are approved by relevant urban agencies.
  
• Concession agreements specify toll periods and collection limits.
  
• Local traffic police assist in enforcement and regulation.
  

Controversies and Public Response

• Urban tolls often face opposition due to perceived burden on daily commuters.
  
• Concerns include toll collection on under-maintained roads.
  
• Protests have led to removal or relocation of some city toll plazas.
  
• Authorities may grant exemptions for local residents or frequent users.
  
• Urban tolling is being reviewed with a shift towards digital and congestion pricing models.