Introduction

A One Person Company (OPC) is a simplified business structure designed for individual entrepreneurs, offering limited liability and corporate status. While OPCs enjoy certain relaxations under the Companies Act, 2013—such as exemption from holding Annual General Meetings (AGMs)—they are still required to meet mandatory compliance requirements to remain in good legal standing. A well-defined compliance calendar helps OPCs track and fulfill these obligations within prescribed timelines. This article introduces the concept of a compliance calendar for OPCs, detailing its importance and the key filings that must be scheduled annually.

Purpose of a Compliance Calendar

A compliance calendar serves as a systematic schedule of legal and regulatory deadlines that an OPC must adhere to during a financial year. It includes due dates for ROC filings, income tax returns, audits, and GST filings (if applicable). Maintaining a calendar ensures that the company avoids penalties, legal scrutiny, and late fees, and supports long-term governance.

Annual Return Filing – Form MGT-7A

Every OPC is required to file its annual return using Form MGT-7A with the Registrar of Companies (ROC). This must be filed within 60 days from the end of the financial year, i.e., usually by May 30. The form includes key details about the company’s structure, shareholding, and director information.

Financial Statement Filing – Form AOC-4

OPCs must file audited financial statements in Form AOC-4 with the ROC within 180 days from the end of the financial year. This means the due date typically falls around September 27 for financial years ending March 31. The filing includes the balance sheet, profit and loss account, and auditor’s report.

Income Tax Return – Form ITR-6

OPCs are required to file their income tax return using Form ITR-6 under the Income Tax Act, 1961. If the company is subject to audit, the due date is usually September 30 of the assessment year. Non-audited OPCs must file by July 31 (dates may be extended by the CBDT from time to time).

Tax Audit Report – Section 44AB

If the turnover of the OPC exceeds the specified threshold (₹1 crore or ₹10 crore, depending on digital transactions), a tax audit becomes mandatory. The audit report must be filed in Form 3CA/3CB and 3CD by September 30, along with the ITR.

Advance Tax Installments

OPCs liable to pay income tax must pay advance tax in four quarterly installments:

• 15% by June 15
  
• 45% by September 15
  
• 75% by December 15
  
• 100% by March 15
  

This helps avoid interest penalties under Sections 234B and 234C.

GST Returns (If Applicable)

If the OPC is registered under Goods and Services Tax (GST), it must file:

• GSTR-3B (monthly summary return)
  
• GSTR-1 (monthly or quarterly sales return)
  The filing due dates vary based on turnover and scheme selection, and must be strictly followed to avoid fines and suspension of GST registration.
  

Event-Based Filings

In addition to regular filings, OPCs must comply with event-based filings such as:

• Appointment or resignation of a director – Form DIR-12
  
• Change in registered office – Form INC-22
  
• Change in nominee – Form INC-4
  These filings must be made within 15 to 30 days of the event.
  

Conclusion

A compliance calendar is a vital tool for One Person Companies to stay aligned with statutory obligations throughout the year. By tracking due dates for financial reporting, tax returns, GST filings, and event-based changes, OPCs can avoid legal complications and maintain operational integrity. Adopting a disciplined approach to compliance not only supports the company’s growth and credibility but also enhances its preparedness for future expansion or investment. For any entrepreneur managing an OPC, the compliance calendar is a roadmap to responsible and sustainable business conduct.

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