Introduction to new DSC regulations under CCA

Introduction
The Controller of Certifying Authorities (CCA), operating under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), is the apex body regulating the issuance and usage of Digital Signature Certificates (DSCs) in India. With the growing reliance on digital infrastructure for governance, commerce, and compliance, the CCA has introduced new DSC regulations aimed at enhancing trust, security, and standardization in digital transactions. These updates ensure that DSCs remain legally robust, technically sound, and user-friendly in India’s evolving digital ecosystem.

Mandatory Video Verification
Under the new norms, Certifying Authorities must conduct video-based verification of applicants before issuing DSCs. This step confirms the applicant’s presence, identity, and intent, reducing impersonation risks and ensuring accountability.

Simplified KYC for Individuals and Organizations
The new regulations streamline KYC processes for DSC issuance. Aadhaar-based eKYC, PAN verification, and document uploads are now standardized. For organizations, additional checks such as authorization letters and board resolutions are made compulsory.

Token Security Upgrades
USB tokens used for storing DSCs must now comply with FIPS Level 2 or above, ensuring that private keys are stored in a secure, tamper-resistant environment. Only certified crypto tokens are permitted under the new rules.

Cloud DSC Framework Recognized
The CCA has officially acknowledged cloud-based DSCs, allowing remote usage without physical tokens. These DSCs are stored in certified HSMs (Hardware Security Modules) and accessed via OTP, biometric, or PIN-based multi-factor authentication.

Certificate Profile Enhancements
New DSC regulations include expanded certificate profiles, requiring additional fields such as email ID, contact number, organization details, and policy identifiers. These fields improve traceability and verification for digital transactions.

Validity and Renewal Policies Updated
The maximum validity of a DSC remains two years, but renewal procedures now include mandatory fresh KYC and video verification. Auto-renewals or reissuance without identity validation have been disallowed to improve certificate integrity.

Audit and Reporting Compliance
Certifying Authorities are now required to submit quarterly audit reports and adhere to stricter compliance with CCA-issued guidelines. Any deviations or breaches in DSC issuance must be reported immediately to maintain trust in the system.

Revocation and Suspension Protocols
Enhanced protocols are introduced for DSC revocation and suspension. CAs must act swiftly upon reported loss, misuse, or policy violations. Revoked certificates are listed in Certificate Revocation Lists (CRLs) for public verification.

Support for Multiple Languages
To enhance accessibility, the CCA has mandated DSC-related communications and interfaces be made available in regional languages, ensuring broader adoption across states and sectors.

Focus on User Awareness and Consent
Applicants must explicitly acknowledge the terms of use and responsibilities during issuance. Certifying Authorities are responsible for educating users on secure DSC usage, PIN protection, and token safety.

Conclusion
The new DSC regulations introduced by the CCA reflect India’s commitment to secure and transparent digital authentication. By emphasizing video KYC, cloud integration, strong cryptographic standards, and compliance oversight, the CCA ensures DSCs remain a trusted cornerstone of India’s digital transformation.

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